A common saying goes “In aging, you are like you always were – only more so.” The Continuity Theory, formerly proposed in 1971 by Robert Atchley, states that the maturing adult develops certain habits, preferences, and associations that are ingrained in the personality. As one ages, those personality traits become more pronounced or “continue” with age. The theory originated from an observation of older adults and the consistency of their personalities despite changing physical, mental, physical, and social status.

Allowing for the various ways individuals adapt to aging, continuity provides a way to maintain a personal system. Satisfaction in life does not depend on a stranger’s impression or the physical changes of normal aging. For some, aging may affect cognitive abilities less than physical abilities.  This may explain why individuals focus more on spiritual development in their later years and exhibit more “wisdom” as compared to younger adults.

Relying solely on the continuity theory will not guarantee “successful” aging. Those with a preoccupation with work roles will not find happiness with the same behaviors that ignored other sources of satisfaction. Ignoring physical changes will also cause dissatisfaction in older adults. Carrying forward negative habits from midlife to late life, simply because it is “what I always did” can lead to a more difficult aging experience.

As a mature adult experiences the changes of aging, continuity can provide a way to maintain one’s sense of identity. By highlighting positive, meaningful changes and habits in life, aging does not need to be a radical break from the past. Changes that come from aging will become more predictable. Using life review to establish continuity can result in a joyful reflection of past experiences and a way to set goals for the future.